The dream of directly effective supra-national legislation, applying in exactly the same way in each EU Member State: an EU Regulation should (in theory) provide the same protections in the same way at the same time to all EU citizens. As is ever the case, theory and reality rarely align
Continue Reading State of the Act: EU AI Act implementation in key Member States
Earlier this week the European Policy Centre (with its partner the Vodafone Institute) published a new discussion paper looking at the strategic issues around European submarine cables and making some recommendations. Since it’s an area of work close to my heart I have reviewed and set out below – in
Continue Reading The Proposed European Strategy for Submarine Infrastructure
A recent decision from a Finnish district court has cast light on the legal and operational challenges surrounding damage to submarine infrastructure, particularly in contested or sensitive maritime zones. The case concerned the Eagle S, a Cook Islands-flagged oil tanker, whose crew faced criminal charges following an incident in
Continue Reading The difficulty of bringing criminal cases for submarine cable damage – the Eagle S case
During the session of September 17, 2025, the Italian Senate approved Bill No. 1146-B, entitled “Provisions and delegated powers to the Government regarding artificial intelligence.” The text was published on the Italian Official Journal as Law No. 132 of 2025 and is set to become applicable starting from
Continue Reading Italy passes its own law on artificial intelligence: new rules effective October 2025
Ireland has marked a significant milestone in the implementation of the EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act, positioning itself at the forefront of responsible AI regulation in Europe. On 16 September 2025, the Department for of Enterprise, Tourism and Employment announced the designation of additional national competent authorities and a
Continue Reading Ready, set, regulate – Ireland’s new National AI Office and Competent Authorities
What is Offer and Order Management (OOM)?
For the airline industry there are certainly exciting times ahead. We are at the precipice of a profound ideological and technical transformation, seeing a shift from fragmented legacy systems, towards a modern airline retailing model that will operate closer to other traditional retailing
Continue Reading Navigating the complex pathway to Modern Airline Retailing and Offer and Order Management
In the rapidly evolving tech industry sector, artificial intelligence (AI) stands at the forefront of innovation. Although stakeholders active in the technology sector represent the natural leaders of AI and are adopting AI to a greater extent than companies related to other industry sectors,[1] they are faced with an
Continue Reading AI in the tech sector – touch points and regulatory difference across the EU and Australia
We are living through the most dynamic regulatory and commercial moment for artificial intelligence since the advent of cloud computing. Contract standards and supervisory expectations are being shaped in real time, propelled by the extraordinary velocity of technical change and the breadth of AI’s impact across ethical, anthropological, and legal
Continue Reading AI in insurance: Acceleration meets accountability
The first comprehensive legal framework for artificial intelligence (AI), Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the EU AI Act), entered into force last year. Rather than taking immediate effect, the harmonized rules on AI under the Act have been staggered in application.
The first of the EU AI Act’s obligations took effect on
Continue Reading Latest wave of obligations under the EU AI Act take effect: Key considerations
Part 3: No Time to Hire: Will Agentic AI transform the workplace?
The advent of agentic AI is widely predicted to have a significant impact on the workforce, with it automating tasks currently performed by humans once believed to be beyond automation. This will lead to humans working alongside so-called
Continue Reading For Your AIs Only: Agentic AI Steps Out of the Shadows
The European Commission (Commission) adopted its long-anticipated guidelines on the scope of obligations for general-purpose artificial intelligence (GPAI) models under Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act) (Guidelines) on July 18, 2025. The Guidelines closely follow the publication of the Commission’s and AI Office’s GPAI Code of Practice (Code), which outlines several
